President Trump offered a wealth of campaign promises that expire on Day One.

WASHINGTON — After Donald Trump is sworn in again as president on Monday, he will be anxious to fulfill a number of his promises before the day is even over. One of its promises is to make you dizzy.

“It’s going to make your head spin to see what’s going to happen,” he said of the first day.

This is part of what he promised voters he would accomplish on his first day in office.

Begins the largest deportation in U.S. history, illegally deporting everyone in the country.Close border.Eliminates automatic citizenship for everyone born in the United States, known as birthright citizenship.Sign a pardon for some or many of those convicted or charged in the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.It would impose a 25% tariff on all imports from Mexico and Canada and add a 10% tariff to those already imposed on imports from China.Please end the Russia-Ukraine war by Monday.

All that and more on Monday?

Not likely.

With two more branches of government, Congress and the courts, it will be impossible for President Trump to accomplish everything he said he would do on day one. (Additionally, in 2017, he considered his first day to be January 21, his first full day on the job after taking office on January 20.)

But he will soon test the limits of executive power, as other presidents have done, and as Trump has done aggressively in his first term, with apparently mixed results. He told lawmakers to expect more than 100 executive orders soon.

Some are consequential, others superficial. Some may be detained in court.

Everyone will see the president’s bravery in trying to seize maximum power on his own. Republican Trump is not alone in this. When Republicans voiced condemnation of President Barack Obama’s sweeping executive actions in 2014, Democrats responded with a curt response: “So we’re going to sue.”

Here’s what you need to know about President Trump’s pledge.

President Trump cannot always act unilaterally

For example, the constitutional right to birthright citizenship cannot end with his stroke of a pen. In many other respects, President Trump’s most controversial executive action is certain to face numerous challenges in the courts.

For some problems he can

The amnesty power is in his hands, allowing Congress to direct border enforcement efforts, adjust tariffs and find ways to boost energy production without necessarily having to pass legislation. But many of his executive orders are essentially statements of intent and will set the stage for future struggles.

Trump has backed off several promises since winning the election.

During his campaign, he repeatedly vowed on his first day to “close the borders,” but after the election his advisers said he was not speaking literally. Rather than closing borders, he intends to take administrative measures to crack down on illegal immigration.

Trump also vowed to end the Russia-Ukraine war before taking office. Now he has succumbed to the reality that he was unable to resolve the dispute on the timeline he promised, telling Time magazine in a post-election interview: Russia and Ukraine. ”

As for birthright citizenship, the president seemed to acknowledge after the election that it might not be so easy to end it: “We’ll probably have to go back to the people,” Trump said in December. He spoke on NBC’s “Meet the Press.”

Some promises may be a sham or part of a negotiation

President Trump posted on social media after the election: “On January 20th, one of my first executive orders was to impose all necessary duties on Mexico and Canada to impose a 25% tariff on all products imported into the United States. Sign the document,” he posted. He added that all products from China would be subject to an additional 10% tariff immediately.

That sounded definitive, but President Trump then said there would be “some adjustments” to the tariffs if they were simply passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices, as is usually the case. It gave the three countries leeway to avoid or minimize tariffs if they make sufficient progress in reducing the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.

If he implements the tariffs as planned, extracting trade fines from targeted countries in turn, the United States will be free from decades of dependence on products from China and within the integrated North. Given its dependence on trade, the economy will be exposed to tectonic shifts. American market.

But he is seriously trying to use the power of the pen.

Under a core promise on immigration, President Trump will unilaterally declare a national emergency and prepare to track down millions of people in the United States illegally and hold them in detention centers until they can be removed from the country. Dew.

Domestic police and National Guard troops in some states could be authorized to assist federal agents in an extraordinary effort to track down and deport millions of people. The motive for entering the United States illegally has not yet been verified. Illegal immigration rose sharply under the Biden administration, but has recently declined and remains near a four-year low.

President Trump also declared a national energy emergency and vowed to approve new energy projects “on day one.”

A national emergency could give him further powers to act unilaterally. Questions remain about how much can be accomplished on this front without Congressional action. But it can reverse President Joe Biden’s ambitious executive orders on renewable energy, environmental protection and climate change.

The pardon gives the president unfettered powers regarding federal crimes, and how Trump uses them will be closely watched Monday. Throughout his campaign, he held up those jailed for storming the Capitol on January 6, 2021, as patriots, vowing to “sign their pardons on day one.”

However, he is at a loss as to who among the crowd should be forgiven, how many, and for what reasons.

Calvin Woodward, Associated Press